Hydrostatic transaxle

ABSTRACT

A transaxle for use as a drive apparatus of a vehicle is provided. The transaxle includes a main housing joined to a gear housing to enclose a transmission and a reduction gear set. The transmission includes a pump assembly and a motor assembly arranged in a parallel configuration on one side of a center section. A charge pump is contained within a pocket on an opposing side of the center section. A charge pump cover assembly secures the charge pump in the pocket and has a charge relief assembly that extends into a void volume defined by a ring gear of the gear reduction set. The gear reduction set drives an axle extending from the gear housing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/204,865, filed Mar. 11, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/776,522, filed on Mar. 11, 2013. These applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This application relates to hydrostatic transaxles generally, and in particular to hydrostatic transaxles having a center section assembly that includes a charge pump.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A hydrostatic transaxle for use as a drive apparatus of a vehicle is disclosed herein. The hydrostatic transaxle includes a main housing joined to a gear housing to enclose a hydrostatic transmission and a reduction gear set. The hydrostatic transmission includes an axial piston pump assembly and an axial piston motor assembly arranged in a parallel configuration on one side of a center section. A gerotor charge pump is contained within a pocket on an opposing side of the center section. A charge pump cover assembly secures the gerotor charge pump in the pocket and has a charge relief assembly that extends into a void volume defined by a ring gear of the gear reduction set. The gear reduction set drives an axle extending from the gear housing.

A better understanding of the objects, advantages, features, properties and relationships of the invention will be obtained from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings which set forth illustrative embodiments that are indicative of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a hydrostatic transaxle in accordance with the principles of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-section of the hydrostatic transaxle shown in FIG. 1, taken along line 2-2.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hydrostatic transmission assembly of the hydrostatic transaxle shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a center section assembly of the hydrostatic transaxle shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the center section assembly shown in FIG. 4 with a cover assembly removed for clarity.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the cover assembly shown in FIG. 4, with additional components removed for clarity.

FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view of the opposing side of the cover assembly shown in FIG. 6, rotated about its long axis from the view illustrated in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the opposing side of the center section assembly shown in FIG. 4 rotated about its long axis from the view illustrated in FIG. 4.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the center section assembly shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 10 is a cross-section of the center section assembly shown in FIG. 9, taken along line 10-10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description that follows describes, illustrates and exemplifies one or more embodiments of the invention in accordance with its principles. This description is not provided to limit the invention to the embodiment(s) described herein, but rather to explain and teach the principles of the invention in order to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand these principles and, with that understanding, be able to apply them to practice not only the embodiment(s) described herein, but also any other embodiment that may come to mind in accordance with these principles. The scope of the invention is intended to cover all such embodiments that may fall within the scope of the appended claims, either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.

It should be noted that in the description and drawings, like or substantially similar elements may be labeled with the same reference numerals. However, sometimes these elements may be labeled with differing numbers or serial numbers in cases where such labeling facilitates a more clear description. Additionally, the drawings set forth herein are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances proportions may have been exaggerated to more clearly depict certain features. In certain cross-sectional views, not all elements such as shafts are cross-hatched, where such cross-hatching would not assist in the understanding of the disclosure. This specification is intended to be taken as a whole and interpreted in accordance with the principles of the invention as taught herein and understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All commonly-owned patents cited within this specification are expressly incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 1 shows a hydrostatic transaxle 110 having a first housing member and a second housing member, namely main housing 116 with gear housing 124 fastened thereto by fasteners 126, to form a sump 161. Gear housing 124 has a plurality of mounting holes 125 by which hydrostatic transaxle 110 may be fastened to a vehicle frame (not shown). An optional return to neutral assembly (not shown) which acts on trunnion arm 152, can be mounted in part on trunnion arm 152 and main housing 116. For example, a scissor-arm return to neutral mechanism, as illustrated in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,487,857, incorporated by reference herein, could be used and will not be discussed further. Pump input shaft 128 has male splines 129 at the distal end thereof, that may be provided with a rounded or tapered profile to provide a flexible joint that negates the effect of vehicle frame flexion (e.g., when engaged to a drive shaft).

One application for transaxle 110 is in combination with a modular drive assembly such as that disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,393,236 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,194,473, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIGS. 2-10 show internal components of hydrostatic transaxle 110, including transmission assembly 114 comprising input shaft 128, pump assembly 132, center section 140, motor assembly 136, and motor output shaft 146. Pump assembly 132 and motor assembly 136 are arranged in a parallel configuration on one side of center section 140. The rotation of input shaft 128 is supported by bearing 160. Input shaft 128 is additionally supported by input shaft bearing surface 140 e of center section 140. Center section 140 is attached to main housing 116 by fasteners 144 extending through mounting holes 140 j. Center section 140 has integral hydraulic porting, namely fluid passages 142, pump kidney ports 140 c, and motor kidney ports 140 d to allow circulation of hydraulic fluid in a closed loop from pump assembly 132 to motor assembly 136. Center section 140 also has motor shaft bearing surface 140 f to support motor shaft 146.

Center section assembly 171, best seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, includes gerotor charge pump assembly 177 retained in pocket 140 g of center section 140 by charge pump cover assembly 173. Gerotor charge pump assembly 177 is composed of outer rotor 177 b and inner rotor 177 a, which is driven by pump input shaft 128 by means of D-interface 177 c that mates with D-interface 128 a at the proximal end of pump input shaft 128. Charge pump cover 179, best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, has mounting holes 179 e which allow it to be secured to center section 140 by fixing fasteners 181 in mounting holes 140 i. Charge pump cover 179 also has charge pump inlet 179 c which allows hydraulic fluid to be drawn from sump 161 into charge gallery 179 d by gerotor charge pump assembly 177. Charge gallery 179 d comprises a pair of internal volumes, or ears 179 h at opposite ends thereof and connected by a center passage 179 i, each ear 179 h being adjacent one of the check valve 182. Hydraulic charge fluid then flows into whichever of check valves 182, fixed in check valve ports 140 h of center section 140, is in communication with the low pressure side of the hydraulic circuit. If trunnion arm 152 is in a neutral position, there will be no low pressure side and thus, no demand for make-up hydraulic fluid. To provide relief when necessary, charge pump cover assembly 173 includes a charge relief passage 179 b formed in center passage 179 i, and charge relief assembly 175 comprising ball 175 a pressing against spring 175 b, both of which are retained in charge relief tower 179 a by pin 175 c.

At least a portion of charge relief assembly 175 is disposed in the internal void volume formed by ring gear 170 as shown in, e.g., FIG. 2, and charge relief tower 179 a extends in an axial direction that is parallel to the axis of rotation of input shaft 128. When trunnion arm 152 is in a neutral position, the force of spring 175 b is overcome by hydraulic pressure in charge gallery 179 d and hydraulic fluid passes from charge gallery 179 d through charge relief passage 179 b and into sump 161. Charge pump cover 179 also has mating surface 179 f which contacts center section 140 and input shaft clearance pocket 179 g to allow clearance of pump input shaft 128 with respect to charge pump cover 179. In the embodiment depicted, charge pump inlet 179 c is disposed on one side of the clearance pocket 179 g and center passage 179 i is disposed on a second side of the clearance pocket 179 g opposite the first side.

As seen most clearly in FIG. 8, the centers of the openings for pump input shaft 128, motor output shaft 146, and axle shaft 162, and thus the respective axes of rotation of these shafts, lie in a common plane 183 to minimize size of center section 140. In the embodiment depicted, the centers of two of the mounting openings 140 j lie in this same plane 183, whereas the centers of two of the other mounting openings 140 j lie in a second plane 185 perpendicular to plane 183. A pair of generally curved projections 140 m and 140 n extend out from center section 140, corresponding to the ears 179 h in charge pump cover 179. Center passage 179 i extends in a direction generally perpendicular to plane 183, as seen in FIG. 7, and the center of ears 179 h along with the center of the opening in which pump shaft bearing surface 140 e is disposed (i.e., the axis of rotation of pump shaft 128) lie in a third plane 187 parallel to second plane 185.

For adjusting the output of hydrostatic transaxle 110, swash plate 154 is in contact with pump thrust bearing 156 against which pump pistons 133 travel as shown in FIG. 2. The direction of rotation of pump cylinder block 132 a is fixed by the direction of rotation of input shaft 128, to which pump cylinder block 132 a is non-rotatably joined. Pump cylinder block 132 a runs on pump running surface 140 a, shown in FIG. 8. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, swash plate 154 may be moved to a variety of positions to vary the displacement of pump pistons 133, the corresponding rotational speed and direction of rotation of motor cylinder block 136 a, running on motor running surface 140 b of center section 140, and the corresponding output of motor shaft 146. Motor pistons 137 move against motor thrust bearing 158 which is set at a fixed, non-neutral angle of displacement. Movement of the swash plate 154 is accomplished by operator controlled movement of trunnion arm 152 by a control linkage (not shown). Rotation of trunnion arm 152 causes swash plate 154 to swing either fore or aft through an arc to effect displacement of pump pistons 133.

Generally, as the angle of swash plate 154 is varied in one direction from the neutral position, the stroke of the pump pistons 133 is varied, which then drives the motor assembly 136 at a speed determined by the volume of the fluid displaced by the pump pistons 133. As the angle of the swash plate 154 is decreased to pass through the neutral position, the direction of rotation of motor assembly 136 and its corresponding motor output shaft 146 is reversed. The speed of the motor is again determined by the volume of fluid displaced by the pump pistons 133.

Axle shaft 162 is rotationally supported by inner axle bearings 164, set in bearing pocket 140 k of center section 140, and outer axle bearings 166. Outer axle bearings 166 are supported by bearing support structure 124 a of gear housing 124. To drive axle shaft 162, reduction gearing is provided to couple axle shaft 162 to motor shaft 146, imparting thereto an appropriate speed and torque. Thus, the proximal end of motor shaft 146 is splined to pinion gear 168 which drives ring gear 170. Ring gear 170 in turn drives sun gear 172 which drives planet gears 174. Because the planetary ring gear 178 is held stationary, the planet gears 174 drive planet gear carrier 176 which is splined to axle shaft 162. Other known reduction schemes may be employed to impart an appropriate speed and torque to axle shaft 162. An optional brake rotor 197 can be fixed to motor shaft 146 to provide braking capability if additional brake components (not shown) are also included. As shown most clearly in FIG. 2, the interior or proximal end of axle shaft 162 adjacent bearing 164 is therefore partially disposed within center section 140, and it extends past the proximal end of pump input shaft 128 and also past the proximal end of motor shaft 146 that engages pinion gear 168. All three shafts 128, 146 and 162 therefore overlap to form a more compact unit.

While specific embodiments have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those presented herein could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any equivalent thereof. 

I claim:
 1. A drive apparatus comprising: a housing forming a sump; a center section disposed in the sump and having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the center section further comprising a pump running surface formed on the first side; a pump disposed on the pump running surface and driven by a pump input shaft; a charge pump disposed on the second side of the center section and driven by the pump input shaft; a charge pump cover disposed on the second side of the center section, said charge pump cover having an external surface, an internal surface defining a charge gallery and a charge relief passage through said charge pump cover; and a charge relief assembly extending from the external surface of the charge pump cover and communicating with the charge relief passage.
 2. The drive apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pocket formed on the second side of the center section, wherein the charge pump is disposed in the pocket and the charge pump cover is disposed over the pocket.
 3. The drive apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a charge relief tower formed on and extending from the external surface of the charge pump cover.
 4. The drive apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a motor disposed in the sump and engaged to and driving a motor output shaft.
 5. The drive apparatus of claim 4, further comprising an axle extending into the housing and driven by the motor output shaft, and a second pocket formed in the second side of the center section to support an end of the axle.
 6. The drive apparatus of claim 4, wherein the motor is an axial piston motor and the pump is an axial piston pump.
 7. The drive apparatus of claim 4, wherein the motor output shaft has a first axis of rotation that is parallel to a second axis of rotation of the pump input shaft, and wherein the charge gallery comprises two internal volumes disposed between the charge pump cover and the second side of the center section, and a center passage extending between the two internal volumes, wherein the center passage extends in a direction that is generally perpendicular to a plane formed by the first and second axes of rotation.
 8. The drive apparatus of claim 7, further comprising hydraulic porting formed in the center section, and a first check valve and a second check valve extending into the center section from the second side thereof to permit hydraulic fluid to enter the hydraulic porting, wherein the first check valve is disposed adjacent one of the two internal volumes and the second check valve is disposed adjacent the other of the two internal volumes.
 9. The drive apparatus of claim 8, wherein the charge relief passage is disposed in the center passage.
 10. The drive apparatus of claim 9, wherein the charge pump cover further comprises a charge pump inlet extending through the charge pump cover to permit hydraulic fluid to flow from the sump to the charge pump.
 11. The drive apparatus of claim 10, wherein the charge pump cover further comprises a clearance pocket to allow clearance of the pump input shaft with respect to the charge pump cover, and the charge pump inlet is disposed on one side of the clearance pocket and the center passage is disposed on a second side of the clearance pocket opposite the first side.
 12. A drive apparatus comprising: a housing forming a sump; a center section disposed in the sump and comprising a pump running surface and a motor running surface; hydraulic porting formed in the center section; a pump rotatably disposed on the pump running surface and driven by a pump input shaft having a first axis of rotation; a motor rotatably disposed on the motor running surface and driving a motor shaft having a second axis of rotation that is parallel to the first axis of rotation, wherein the motor is in communication with the pump through the hydraulic porting; a charge pump disposed on the center section and driven by the pump input shaft; a charge pump cover disposed on the center section and having an external surface, an internal surface defining a charge gallery and a charge relief passage through said charge pump cover; a charge relief assembly extending from the external surface of the charge pump cover and communicating with the charge relief passage; wherein the charge gallery comprises two internal volumes disposed between the charge pump cover and the center section, and a center passage extending between the two internal volumes, wherein the center passage extends in a direction that is generally perpendicular to a first plane formed by the first and second axes of rotation.
 13. The drive apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a first check valve and a second check valve extending into the center section to permit hydraulic fluid to enter the porting, wherein the first check valve is disposed adjacent one of the two internal volumes and the second check valve is disposed adjacent the other of the two internal volumes.
 14. The drive apparatus of claim 13, wherein a second plane, perpendicular to the first plane, passes through the first check valve, the second check valve and the charge pump.
 15. The drive apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation lie on a third plane that is parallel to the second plane.
 16. The drive apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a reduction gear set disposed in the housing and driven by the motor shaft, and an axle shaft extending into the housing and having a third axis of rotation, the axle shaft being driven by the reduction gear set.
 17. The drive apparatus of claim 16, wherein the center section further comprises a first opening to support the pump input shaft, a second opening to support the motor shaft and a third opening to support the axle shaft.
 18. The drive apparatus of claim 17, wherein the third axis of rotation is parallel to the first and second axes of rotation and the third axis of rotation lies on a common plane.
 19. A drive apparatus comprising: a housing forming a sump; a charge pump mounting surface located in the sump; a charge pump disposed on the charge pump mounting surface and in communication with a hydraulic porting system; a charge pump cover disposed on the charge pump mounting surface, said charge pump cover having an external surface, an internal surface defining a charge gallery and a charge relief passage through said charge pump cover; and a charge relief assembly extending from the external surface of the charge pump cover and communicating with the charge relief passage to permit hydraulic fluid to be discharged from the charge gallery to the sump.
 20. The drive apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a charge relief tower formed on and extending from the external surface of the charge pump cover, wherein the charge relief tower forms a part of the charge relief assembly. 